Objectives
Owing to the evolution of surgical techniques, the survival rate of patients undergoing a bidirectional Glenn shunt has improved. However, the morbidity and mortality are still high. The aims of this study were to determine the survival rate and risk factors influencing the morbidity and mortality in patients with a functional univentricular heart after a bidirectional Glenn shunt.
Methods
One hundred and fifty-one patients who had undergone a bidirectional Glenn operation were enrolled. Early worse outcomes were defined as postoperative death within 30 days and a hospital stay ≥ 30 days.
Results
The median age was 7.1 years (range 0.3–26 years). The median age at the time of the Glenn operation was 2.2 years (range 0.2–15.9 years). The survival rates of patients at 1-, 5-, 10- and 15-year after the Glenn operation were 89%, 79%, 75%, and 72%, respectively. The predictors for the mortality were preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 17 mmHg, preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance index ≥ 3.1 Wood Units·m2 and atrioventricular valve regurgitation. In addition, the independent predictors of an early worse outcome included preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 17 mmHg and diaphragmatic paralysis.
Conclusion
The presence of preoperative atrioventricular valve regurgitation, preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 17 mmHg, preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance index ≥ 3.1 Wood Units·m2, or diaphragmatic paralysis were found to be independent risk factors requiring the good patients’ selection for the Glenn operation and early aggressive management of the diaphragmatic paralysis for reducing morbidity to ensure successful candidature for Fontan completion.
