Melioidosis has various clinical and rheumatological manifestations that may be the fi rst presenta-tion. This disease is less common in children than adults. This study reports the case of a previ-ously healthy 3-year-old boy who presented with high-grade fever and pain in the right hip. He was treated with empirical parenteral antibiotics for septic arthritis and arthrotomy, but his symptoms did not improve. A hemoculture and synovial fl uid culture had no bacterial growth. A titer of indirect hemagglutination assay for melioidosis was 1:2048, which is strongly positive. Melioidosis was diagnosed. Intravenous ceftazidime was given for 14 days as intensive treatment before switching to eradication therapy with oral trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole for 3 months. A 3-phase bone scan also revealed osteomyelitis of the right tibia. The patient gradually improved and was discharged.
